diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index ef4cbe32e9..0b5dd06839 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 - Enhance: API内部エラーのログに構造化属性と正規化したエラー情報を付与し、認証情報を自動的に秘匿するように（従来形式の表示は維持）
 - Enhance: ログ全体の既定levelとlogger domainごとの出力levelを設定できるように
 - Enhance: バックエンドのログを1行JSON形式で出力できるように
+- Enhance: OpenTelemetryのTrace Contextを構造化ログへ関連付けられるように
 - Fix: `/stats` API のレスポンス型が正しくない問題を修正
 - Fix: ハッシュタグに関連するデータを更新する際のエラーハンドリングを修正
 - Fix: Sentry 使用環境下にて、Misskey が発行した SQL クエリが span に含まれない問題を修正
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts
index ce98d8b0cf..c3d5064a6b 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { installHttpClientInstrumentation } from '@/core/telemetry/http-client-i
 import { installDatabaseInstrumentation } from '@/core/telemetry/database-instrumentation.js';
 import { installRedisInstrumentation } from '@/core/telemetry/redis-instrumentation.js';
 import { executeSpan, getQueueTraceContextMode, injectActiveTraceContext, recordSpanError, startSpanWithQueueTraceContext } from '@/core/telemetry/queue-trace-context.js';
+import type { LogTraceContext } from '@/logging/types.js';
 import type { Span, SpanStatusCode, Tracer } from '@opentelemetry/api';
 import type { Resource, ResourceDetector } from '@opentelemetry/resources';
 import type { ParentBasedSampler, Sampler } from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base';
@@ -161,6 +162,15 @@ export class OpenTelemetryAdapter implements TelemetryAdapter {
 		});
 	}
 
+	/** activeなSpanの識別子を、Logging基盤で扱える形式へ変換します。 */
+	public getActiveTraceContext(): LogTraceContext | undefined {
+		const activeSpan = this.deps.getActiveSpan();
+		if (activeSpan == null) return undefined;
+
+		const { traceId, spanId, traceFlags } = activeSpan.spanContext();
+		return { traceId, spanId, traceFlags };
+	}
+
 	public startSpan<T>(name: string, fn: () => T): T {
 		// 既存のTelemetryAdapter契約に合わせ、同期/非同期どちらでも同じspan lifetimeを保証する。
 		return this.deps.tracer.startActiveSpan(name, span => executeSpan(span, fn, this.deps.spanStatusCodeError));
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts
index 8b9674af6d..fd65f414f6 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import Logger from '@/logger.js';
 import { registerDiagLogger } from '@/core/telemetry/telemetry-diag.js';
 import { getQueueTraceContextMode, injectActiveTraceContext, startSpanWithQueueTraceContext } from '@/core/telemetry/queue-trace-context.js';
+import type { LogTraceContext } from '@/logging/types.js';
 import type * as SentryNode from '@sentry/node';
 import type { NodeOptions } from '@sentry/node';
 import type { OtelBackendRuntimeConfig, SentryBackendConfig, TelemetryAdapter, TelemetryCaptureMessageOptions } from './TelemetryAdapter.js';
@@ -175,6 +176,15 @@ export class SentryTelemetryAdapter implements TelemetryAdapter {
 		});
 	}
 
+	/** activeなSpanの識別子を、Logging基盤で扱える形式へ変換します。 */
+	public getActiveTraceContext(): LogTraceContext | undefined {
+		const activeSpan = this.Sentry.getActiveSpan();
+		if (activeSpan == null) return undefined;
+
+		const { traceId, spanId, traceFlags } = activeSpan.spanContext();
+		return { traceId, spanId, traceFlags };
+	}
+
 	public startSpan<T>(name: string, fn: () => T): T {
 		return this.Sentry.startSpan({ name }, fn);
 	}
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/TelemetryAdapter.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/TelemetryAdapter.ts
index f9564e7e7e..29cbb61f4c 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/TelemetryAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/adapters/TelemetryAdapter.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
+import type { LogTraceContext } from '@/logging/types.js';
 import type { QueueTraceContextCarrier } from '../queue-trace-context.js';
 
 export type SentryBackendConfig = NonNullable<Config['sentryForBackend']>;
@@ -35,6 +36,9 @@ export interface TelemetryAdapter {
 	 */
 	captureMessage(message: string, opts: TelemetryCaptureMessageOptions): void;
 
+	/** 現在のactive Spanからログへ付加するTrace Contextを取得する。 */
+	getActiveTraceContext?(): LogTraceContext | undefined;
+
 	/**
 	 * API endpointやqueue jobなど、呼び出し側の処理単位をspanで包む。
 	 * fnの戻り値・例外はそのまま呼び出し側へ返し、Promiseの場合はsettleまでspanを閉じない。
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/telemetry-registry.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/telemetry-registry.ts
index b08301816b..94e26e21d8 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/telemetry-registry.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/telemetry/telemetry-registry.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
+import { setLogTraceContextProvider } from '@/logging/logging-runtime.js';
 import { OpenTelemetryAdapter } from './adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.js';
 import { SentryTelemetryAdapter } from './adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.js';
 import type { OtelBackendRuntimeConfig, TelemetryAdapter, TelemetryCaptureMessageOptions } from './adapters/TelemetryAdapter.js';
@@ -23,14 +24,21 @@ export async function initTelemetry(config: Config): Promise<void> {
 	};
 
 	// SentryとOTelを同時に使う場合はproviderを分けず、Sentry側へOTLP processorを追加する。
+	let adapter: TelemetryAdapter | undefined;
 	if (config.sentryForBackend && otelForBackend) {
-		adapters.push(await SentryTelemetryAdapter.createWithOtlpExport(config.sentryForBackend, otelForBackend));
+		adapter = await SentryTelemetryAdapter.createWithOtlpExport(config.sentryForBackend, otelForBackend);
 	} else if (config.sentryForBackend) {
 		// Sentry単体時は既存のSentry adapterだけを登録する。
-		adapters.push(await SentryTelemetryAdapter.create(config.sentryForBackend));
+		adapter = await SentryTelemetryAdapter.create(config.sentryForBackend);
 	} else if (otelForBackend) {
 		// OTel単体時だけMisskey自身でNodeTracerProviderを立てる。
-		adapters.push(await OpenTelemetryAdapter.create(otelForBackend));
+		adapter = await OpenTelemetryAdapter.create(otelForBackend);
+	}
+
+	if (adapter != null) {
+		adapters.push(adapter);
+		// Telemetryの初期化後に登録し、初期化前のBootstrapログは従来どおり出力する。
+		setLogTraceContextProvider(() => adapter.getActiveTraceContext?.());
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts b/packages/backend/src/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts
index a13f6c262e..664ffd882d 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ type JsonLogRecord = {
 	readonly processId: number;
 	readonly isPrimary: boolean;
 	readonly workerId: number | null;
+	readonly trace_id?: string;
+	readonly span_id?: string;
+	readonly trace_flags?: number;
 };
 
 const defaultDependencies: JsonConsoleBackendDependencies = {
@@ -45,6 +48,10 @@ function createJsonLogRecord(record: LogRecord): JsonLogRecord {
 		processId: record.processId,
 		isPrimary: record.isPrimary,
 		workerId: record.workerId,
+		// active Spanの情報は値が存在するログだけ、標準のsnake_case名で出力します。
+		...(record.traceId != null ? { trace_id: record.traceId } : {}),
+		...(record.spanId != null ? { span_id: record.spanId } : {}),
+		...(record.traceFlags != null ? { trace_flags: record.traceFlags } : {}),
 	};
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/logging/LogManager.ts b/packages/backend/src/logging/LogManager.ts
index 565bc5e0b4..b4381dd084 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/logging/LogManager.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/logging/LogManager.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
 	type LogNormalizationProfile,
 } from './LogNormalizer.js';
 import type { LogBackend } from './LogBackend.js';
-import type { LogLevel, LogLevelSetting, LogRecord, LogRecordInput } from './types.js';
+import type { LogLevel, LogLevelSetting, LogRecord, LogRecordInput, LogTraceContextProvider } from './types.js';
 
 /** ログを出力したプロセスを識別するための情報です。 */
 export type LogProcessInfo = {
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ export class LogManager {
 	private backend: LogBackend;
 	private readonly dependencies: LogManagerDependencies;
 	private normalizationProfile: LogNormalizationProfile;
+	private traceContextProvider: LogTraceContextProvider | undefined;
 	private configuredLevel: LogLevelSetting | undefined;
 	private configuredDomains: readonly (readonly [string, LogLevelSetting])[];
 	private shutdownPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;
@@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ export class LogManager {
 			...dependencies,
 		};
 		this.normalizationProfile = options.normalizationProfile ?? 'standard';
+		this.traceContextProvider = undefined;
 		this.configuredLevel = undefined;
 		this.configuredDomains = [];
 	}
@@ -156,6 +158,11 @@ export class LogManager {
 		this.normalizationProfile = profile;
 	}
 
+	/** ログ出力時にactiveなTrace Contextを取得する処理を登録します。 */
+	public setTraceContextProvider(provider?: LogTraceContextProvider): void {
+		this.traceContextProvider = provider;
+	}
+
 	/** backendに残っているログをflushしてから終了処理を行います。 */
 	public shutdown(): Promise<void> {
 		if (this.shutdownPromise != null) return this.shutdownPromise;
@@ -220,6 +227,8 @@ export class LogManager {
 		const normalizedError = typeof error !== 'undefined'
 			? serializeLogError(error, { profile: this.normalizationProfile })
 			: undefined;
+		// 実際に出力するログだけ、TelemetryからactiveなTrace Contextを取得します。
+		const traceContext = this.traceContextProvider?.();
 		const record = {
 			...inputWithoutStructuredValues,
 			context,
@@ -228,6 +237,7 @@ export class LogManager {
 			processId: processInfo.processId,
 			isPrimary: processInfo.isPrimary,
 			workerId: processInfo.workerId,
+			...(traceContext ?? {}),
 			...(normalizedAttributes ? { attributes: normalizedAttributes } : {}),
 			...(normalizedError ? { error: normalizedError } : {}),
 		} as LogRecord;
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/logging/logging-runtime.ts b/packages/backend/src/logging/logging-runtime.ts
index 3d842b31c7..bf933c8533 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/logging/logging-runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/logging/logging-runtime.ts
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import { BootstrapConsoleBackend } from './BootstrapConsoleBackend.js';
 import { JsonConsoleBackend } from './JsonConsoleBackend.js';
 import { PrettyConsoleBackend } from './PrettyConsoleBackend.js';
 import type { LogManagerConfiguration } from './LogManager.js';
+import type { LogTraceContextProvider, LogFormat } from './types.js';
 import type { LogBackend } from './LogBackend.js';
-import type { LogFormat } from './types.js';
 
 /**
  * プロセス内のすべてのLoggerが共有するLogManagerです。
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ export function configureLogging(configuration?: LogManagerConfiguration & { rea
 	logManager.setBackend(backend);
 }
 
+/** Telemetry初期化後に、ログへTrace Contextを付加する取得処理を登録します。 */
+export function setLogTraceContextProvider(provider?: LogTraceContextProvider): void {
+	logManager.setTraceContextProvider(provider);
+}
+
 /** プロセス終了前に現在のログ出力処理を保留分まで書き出して閉じます。 */
 export function shutdownLogging(): Promise<void> {
 	return logManager.shutdown();
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/logging/types.ts b/packages/backend/src/logging/types.ts
index 1861681840..bab86e5b04 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/logging/types.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/logging/types.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,16 @@ export type LogAttributeValue =
 /** 正規化後のログ属性です。 */
 export type LogAttributes = Readonly<Record<string, LogAttributeValue>>;
 
+/** activeなSpanとログを関連付けるためのTrace Contextです。 */
+export type LogTraceContext = {
+	readonly traceId: string;
+	readonly spanId: string;
+	readonly traceFlags: number;
+};
+
+/** LogManagerが出力直前に呼び出すTrace Context取得処理です。 */
+export type LogTraceContextProvider = () => LogTraceContext | undefined;
+
 /** ロガーの呼び出し側が構造化ログとして指定する入力です。 */
 export type LogWriteInput = {
 	readonly level: LogLevel;
@@ -81,6 +91,9 @@ export type LogRecord = Omit<LogRecordInput, 'attributes' | 'error'> & {
 	readonly processId: number;
 	readonly isPrimary: boolean;
 	readonly workerId: number | null;
+	readonly traceId?: string;
+	readonly spanId?: string;
+	readonly traceFlags?: number;
 	readonly attributes?: LogAttributes;
 	readonly error?: SerializedError;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/queue/QueueProcessorService.ts b/packages/backend/src/queue/QueueProcessorService.ts
index c20c39f15a..631fc64e6e 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/queue/QueueProcessorService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/queue/QueueProcessorService.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type Logger from '@/logger.js';
 import { bindThis } from '@/decorators.js';
 import { TelemetryService } from '@/core/telemetry/TelemetryService.js';
 import { CheckModeratorsActivityProcessorService } from '@/queue/processors/CheckModeratorsActivityProcessorService.js';
+import { runQueueJobWithTraceContext } from './queue-job-runner.js';
 import { UserWebhookDeliverProcessorService } from './processors/UserWebhookDeliverProcessorService.js';
 import { SystemWebhookDeliverProcessorService } from './processors/SystemWebhookDeliverProcessorService.js';
 import { EndedPollNotificationProcessorService } from './processors/EndedPollNotificationProcessorService.js';
@@ -176,26 +177,30 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 					default: throw new Error(`unrecognized job type ${job.name} for system`);
 				}
 			};
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('system');
 
 			this.systemQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.SYSTEM, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: System: ' + job.name, job.data, () => processer(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: System: ' + job.name,
+					job.data,
+					() => processer(job) as Promise<void>,
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job.id}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: System: ${job.name}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.SYSTEM),
 				autorun: false,
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('system');
-
 			this.systemQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active id=${job.id}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) id=${job.id}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err: Error) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job?.id ?? '?'}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: System: ${job?.name ?? '?'}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -227,26 +232,30 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 					default: throw new Error(`unrecognized job type ${job.name} for db`);
 				}
 			};
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('db');
 
 			this.dbQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.DB, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: DB: ' + job.name, job.data, () => processer(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: DB: ' + job.name,
+					job.data,
+					() => processer(job),
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job.id}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: DB: ${job.name}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.DB),
 				autorun: false,
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('db');
-
 			this.dbQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active id=${job.id}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) id=${job.id}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job?.id ?? '?'}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: DB: ${job?.name ?? '?'}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -254,8 +263,22 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 
 		//#region deliver
 		{
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('deliver');
+
 			this.deliverQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.DELIVER, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: Deliver', job.data, () => this.deliverProcessorService.process(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: Deliver',
+					job.data,
+					() => this.deliverProcessorService.process(job),
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} to=${job.data.to}`, { e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: Deliver: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.DELIVER),
 				autorun: false,
@@ -269,18 +292,9 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 				},
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('deliver');
-
 			this.deliverQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active ${getJobInfo(job, true)} to=${job.data.to}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) ${getJobInfo(job, true)} to=${job.data.to}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} to=${job ? job.data.to : '-'}`);
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: Deliver: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -288,8 +302,23 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 
 		//#region inbox
 		{
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('inbox');
+
 			this.inboxQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.INBOX, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: Inbox', job.data, () => this.inboxProcessorService.process(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: Inbox',
+					job.data,
+					() => this.inboxProcessorService.process(job),
+					err => {
+						const activityId = job.data.activity ? job.data.activity.id : 'none';
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} activity=${activityId}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: Inbox: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.INBOX),
 				autorun: false,
@@ -303,18 +332,9 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 				},
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('inbox');
-
 			this.inboxQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active ${getJobInfo(job, true)}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) ${getJobInfo(job, true)}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} activity=${job ? (job.data.activity ? job.data.activity.id : 'none') : '-'}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: Inbox: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -322,8 +342,22 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 
 		//#region user-webhook deliver
 		{
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('user-webhook');
+
 			this.userWebhookDeliverQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.USER_WEBHOOK_DELIVER, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: UserWebhookDeliver', job.data, () => this.userWebhookDeliverProcessorService.process(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: UserWebhookDeliver',
+					job.data,
+					() => this.userWebhookDeliverProcessorService.process(job),
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} to=${job.data.to}`, { e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: UserWebhookDeliver: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.USER_WEBHOOK_DELIVER),
 				autorun: false,
@@ -337,18 +371,9 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 				},
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('user-webhook');
-
 			this.userWebhookDeliverQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active ${getJobInfo(job, true)} to=${job.data.to}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) ${getJobInfo(job, true)} to=${job.data.to}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} to=${job ? job.data.to : '-'}`);
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: UserWebhookDeliver: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -356,8 +381,22 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 
 		//#region system-webhook deliver
 		{
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('system-webhook');
+
 			this.systemWebhookDeliverQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.SYSTEM_WEBHOOK_DELIVER, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: SystemWebhookDeliver', job.data, () => this.systemWebhookDeliverProcessorService.process(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: SystemWebhookDeliver',
+					job.data,
+					() => this.systemWebhookDeliverProcessorService.process(job),
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} to=${job.data.to}`, { e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: SystemWebhookDeliver: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.SYSTEM_WEBHOOK_DELIVER),
 				autorun: false,
@@ -371,18 +410,9 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 				},
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('system-webhook');
-
 			this.systemWebhookDeliverQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active ${getJobInfo(job, true)} to=${job.data.to}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) ${getJobInfo(job, true)} to=${job.data.to}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) ${getJobInfo(job)} to=${job ? job.data.to : '-'}`);
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: SystemWebhookDeliver: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -399,9 +429,22 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 					default: throw new Error(`unrecognized job type ${job.name} for relationship`);
 				}
 			};
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('relationship');
 
 			this.relationshipQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.RELATIONSHIP, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: Relationship: ' + job.name, job.data, () => processer(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: Relationship: ' + job.name,
+					job.data,
+					() => processer(job),
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job.id}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: Relationship: ${job.name}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.RELATIONSHIP),
 				autorun: false,
@@ -412,18 +455,9 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 				},
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('relationship');
-
 			this.relationshipQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active id=${job.id}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) id=${job.id}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job?.id ?? '?'}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: Relationship: ${job?.name ?? '?'}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -438,27 +472,31 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 					default: throw new Error(`unrecognized job type ${job.name} for objectStorage`);
 				}
 			};
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('objectStorage');
 
 			this.objectStorageQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.OBJECT_STORAGE, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: ObjectStorage: ' + job.name, job.data, () => processer(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: ObjectStorage: ' + job.name,
+					job.data,
+					() => processer(job) as Promise<void>,
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job.id}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: ObjectStorage: ${job.name}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.OBJECT_STORAGE),
 				autorun: false,
 				concurrency: 16,
 			});
 
-			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('objectStorage');
-
 			this.objectStorageQueueWorker
 				.on('active', (job) => logger.debug(`active id=${job.id}`))
 				.on('completed', (job, result) => logger.debug(`completed(${result}) id=${job.id}`))
-				.on('failed', (job, err) => {
-					logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job?.id ?? '?'}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
-					this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: ObjectStorage: ${job?.name ?? '?'}: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
-						level: 'error',
-						extra: { job, err },
-					});
-				})
 				.on('error', (err: Error) => logger.error(`error ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, { e: renderError(err) }))
 				.on('stalled', (jobId) => logger.warn(`stalled id=${jobId}`));
 		}
@@ -466,8 +504,22 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 
 		//#region ended poll notification
 		{
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('ended-poll-notification');
+
 			this.endedPollNotificationQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.ENDED_POLL_NOTIFICATION, (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: EndedPollNotification', job.data, () => this.endedPollNotificationProcessorService.process(job));
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: EndedPollNotification',
+					job.data,
+					() => this.endedPollNotificationProcessorService.process(job),
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job.id}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: EndedPollNotification: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.ENDED_POLL_NOTIFICATION),
 				autorun: false,
@@ -477,8 +529,22 @@ export class QueueProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 
 		//#region post scheduled note
 		{
-			this.postScheduledNoteQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.POST_SCHEDULED_NOTE, async (job) => {
-				return this.telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext('Queue: PostScheduledNote', job.data, () => this.postScheduledNoteProcessorService.process(job));
+			const logger = this.logger.createSubLogger('post-scheduled-note');
+
+			this.postScheduledNoteQueueWorker = new Bull.Worker(QUEUE.POST_SCHEDULED_NOTE, (job) => {
+				return runQueueJobWithTraceContext(
+					this.telemetryService,
+					'Queue: PostScheduledNote',
+					job.data,
+					() => this.postScheduledNoteProcessorService.process(job),
+					err => {
+						logger.error(`failed(${err.name}: ${err.message}) id=${job.id}`, { job: renderJob(job), e: renderError(err) });
+						this.telemetryService.captureMessage(`Queue: PostScheduledNote: ${err.name}: ${err.message}`, {
+							level: 'error',
+							extra: { job, err },
+						});
+					},
+				);
 			}, {
 				...baseWorkerOptions(this.config, QUEUE.POST_SCHEDULED_NOTE),
 				autorun: false,
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/queue/queue-job-runner.ts b/packages/backend/src/queue/queue-job-runner.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa1d29c512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/backend/src/queue/queue-job-runner.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: syuilo and misskey-project
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+ */
+
+import type { TelemetryService } from '@/core/telemetry/TelemetryService.js';
+
+type QueueTelemetryService = Pick<TelemetryService, 'startSpanWithTraceContext'>;
+
+/** QueueのprocessorをTrace Context付きで実行し、失敗処理をSpan内で行います。 */
+export function runQueueJobWithTraceContext<T>(
+	telemetryService: QueueTelemetryService,
+	spanName: string,
+	jobData: object,
+	processJob: () => T | Promise<T>,
+	onError: (error: Error) => void,
+): Promise<T> {
+	return telemetryService.startSpanWithTraceContext(spanName, jobData, async (): Promise<T> => {
+		try {
+			return await processJob();
+		} catch (error) {
+			// 失敗イベントを待たず、processor Spanがactiveな間にログと通知を行います。
+			const normalizedError = error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error));
+			try {
+				onError(normalizedError);
+			} catch {
+				// 失敗ログの処理が例外を投げても、Queueへは元のエラーを返します。
+			}
+			throw error;
+		}
+	});
+}
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts b/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts
index 4b615179f4..ad6a559250 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/OpenTelemetryAdapter.ts
@@ -153,6 +153,28 @@ describe('OpenTelemetryAdapter', () => {
 		expect(span.end).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
 	});
 
+	test('returns the active span context for log enrichment', () => {
+		const adapter = new OpenTelemetryAdapter({
+			tracer: { startActiveSpan: vi.fn() },
+			provider: { shutdown: vi.fn() },
+			getActiveSpan: () => ({
+				spanContext: () => ({
+					traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+					spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+					traceFlags: 0,
+				}),
+			} as any),
+			spanStatusCodeError: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,
+			shutdownTimeout: 10,
+		});
+
+		expect(adapter.getActiveTraceContext()).toEqual({
+			traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+			traceFlags: 0,
+		});
+	});
+
 	test('bridges captureMessage to the active span when one exists', () => {
 		const activeSpan = {
 			recordException: vi.fn(),
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts b/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts
index c304731987..9423aebe51 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/test/unit/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.ts
@@ -161,6 +161,40 @@ describe('SentryTelemetryAdapter', () => {
 	});
 });
 
+describe('SentryTelemetryAdapter trace context', () => {
+	test('returns the active span context for log enrichment', async () => {
+		const activeSpan = {
+			spanContext: () => ({
+				traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+				spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+				traceFlags: 0,
+			}),
+		};
+		vi.doMock('@sentry/node', () => ({
+			init: vi.fn(),
+			close: vi.fn(),
+			getActiveSpan: vi.fn(() => activeSpan),
+		}));
+		vi.doMock('@sentry/profiling-node', () => ({
+			nodeProfilingIntegration: vi.fn(),
+		}));
+
+		const adapter = await SentryTelemetryAdapter.create({
+			enableNodeProfiling: false,
+			options: {},
+		});
+
+		expect(adapter.getActiveTraceContext()).toEqual({
+			traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+			traceFlags: 0,
+		});
+
+		vi.doUnmock('@sentry/node');
+		vi.doUnmock('@sentry/profiling-node');
+	});
+});
+
 describe('SentryTelemetryAdapter.shutdown', () => {
 	test('bounds Sentry.close() with a timeout so a stuck transport cannot hang process shutdown', async () => {
 		const close = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true);
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts b/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts
index b7204bdd64..c9cbf998cd 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/JsonConsoleBackend.ts
@@ -62,6 +62,23 @@ describe('JsonConsoleBackend', () => {
 		});
 	});
 
+	test('writes trace context using the standard JSON field names', () => {
+		const output = vi.fn<(line: string) => void>();
+		const backend = new JsonConsoleBackend({ output });
+
+		backend.write(createRecord({
+			traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+			traceFlags: 0,
+		}));
+
+		expect(JSON.parse(output.mock.calls[0][0])).toMatchObject({
+			trace_id: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			span_id: '0123456789abcdef',
+			trace_flags: 0,
+		});
+	});
+
 	test('escapes newlines so each record remains one physical line', () => {
 		const output = vi.fn<(line: string) => void>();
 		const backend = new JsonConsoleBackend({ output });
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/LogManager.ts b/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/LogManager.ts
index eac853afdb..5695b34837 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/LogManager.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/test/unit/logging/LogManager.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 import { describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';
 import type { LogBackend } from '@/logging/LogBackend.js';
-import type { LogRecordInput } from '@/logging/types.js';
+import type { LogRecordInput, LogTraceContext } from '@/logging/types.js';
 import { LogManager } from '@/logging/LogManager.js';
 
 /** テストで使う最小構成のログ入力を作成します。 */
@@ -87,6 +87,39 @@ describe('LogManager', () => {
 		});
 	});
 
+	test('adds active trace context to the record after filtering', () => {
+		const { manager, write } = createManager();
+		const traceContext: LogTraceContext = {
+			traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+			traceFlags: 0,
+		};
+		const provider = vi.fn(() => traceContext);
+		manager.setTraceContextProvider(provider);
+
+		manager.write(createInput());
+
+		expect(provider).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+		expect(write.mock.calls[0][0]).toMatchObject(traceContext);
+	});
+
+	test('does not get trace context for logs that will not be written', () => {
+		const provider = vi.fn(() => ({
+			traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+			traceFlags: 1,
+		}));
+		const filtered = createManager({ configuration: { level: 'warn' } });
+		filtered.manager.setTraceContextProvider(provider);
+		filtered.manager.write(createInput('info'));
+
+		const quiet = createManager({ quiet: true });
+		quiet.manager.setTraceContextProvider(provider);
+		quiet.manager.write(createInput('error'));
+
+		expect(provider).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
 	test('does not call the backend in quiet mode', () => {
 		const { manager, write } = createManager({ quiet: true, verbose: true });
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/unit/queue/queue-job-runner.ts b/packages/backend/test/unit/queue/queue-job-runner.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a587b0623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/backend/test/unit/queue/queue-job-runner.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: syuilo and misskey-project
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { runQueueJobWithTraceContext } from '@/queue/queue-job-runner.js';
+import { TelemetryService } from '@/core/telemetry/TelemetryService.js';
+
+describe('runQueueJobWithTraceContext', () => {
+	test('returns the processor result without invoking the error handler', async () => {
+		let spanActive = false;
+		const startSpanWithTraceContext = vi.fn(<T>(_name: string, _jobData: object, fn: () => T): T => {
+			spanActive = true;
+			const result = fn();
+			if (result instanceof Promise) return result.finally(() => { spanActive = false; }) as T;
+			spanActive = false;
+			return result;
+		});
+		const telemetryService = {
+			startSpanWithTraceContext,
+		} as unknown as TelemetryService;
+		const onError = vi.fn();
+
+		await expect(runQueueJobWithTraceContext(telemetryService, 'Queue: test', {}, () => 'ok', onError)).resolves.toBe('ok');
+
+		expect(onError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(spanActive).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	test('handles failures while the processor span is active and rethrows the original error', async () => {
+		let spanActive = false;
+		const startSpanWithTraceContext = vi.fn(<T>(_name: string, _jobData: object, fn: () => T): T => {
+			spanActive = true;
+			const result = fn();
+			if (result instanceof Promise) return result.finally(() => { spanActive = false; }) as T;
+			spanActive = false;
+			return result;
+		});
+		const telemetryService = {
+			startSpanWithTraceContext,
+		} as unknown as TelemetryService;
+		const onError = vi.fn((error: Error) => {
+			expect(spanActive).toBe(true);
+			expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+		});
+		const originalError = new Error('failed');
+
+		await expect(runQueueJobWithTraceContext(telemetryService, 'Queue: test', {}, async () => {
+			throw originalError;
+		}, onError)).rejects.toBe(originalError);
+
+		expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+		expect(spanActive).toBe(false);
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/unit/telemetry-registry.ts b/packages/backend/test/unit/telemetry-registry.ts
index fc672a3f7d..dbf10c9176 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/unit/telemetry-registry.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/test/unit/telemetry-registry.ts
@@ -11,9 +11,14 @@ const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => {
 		sentryCreate: vi.fn(),
 		sentryCreateWithOtlpExport: vi.fn(),
 		otelCreate: vi.fn(),
+		setLogTraceContextProvider: vi.fn(),
 	};
 });
 
+vi.mock('@/logging/logging-runtime.js', () => ({
+	setLogTraceContextProvider: mocks.setLogTraceContextProvider,
+}));
+
 vi.mock('@/core/telemetry/adapters/SentryTelemetryAdapter.js', () => ({
 	SentryTelemetryAdapter: {
 		create: mocks.sentryCreate,
@@ -40,6 +45,7 @@ describe('telemetry-registry', () => {
 		mocks.sentryCreate.mockReset();
 		mocks.sentryCreateWithOtlpExport.mockReset();
 		mocks.otelCreate.mockReset();
+		mocks.setLogTraceContextProvider.mockReset();
 		mocks.sentryCreate.mockResolvedValue({ shutdown: vi.fn(), captureMessage: vi.fn(), startSpan: vi.fn() });
 		mocks.sentryCreateWithOtlpExport.mockResolvedValue({ shutdown: vi.fn(), captureMessage: vi.fn(), startSpan: vi.fn() });
 		mocks.otelCreate.mockResolvedValue({ shutdown: vi.fn(), captureMessage: vi.fn(), startSpan: vi.fn() });
@@ -59,6 +65,32 @@ describe('telemetry-registry', () => {
 		expect(mocks.sentryCreateWithOtlpExport).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 
+	test('registers the adapter trace context provider after telemetry initialization', async () => {
+		const { initTelemetry } = await import('@/core/telemetry/telemetry-registry.js');
+		const getActiveTraceContext = vi.fn(() => ({
+			traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+			traceFlags: 0,
+		}));
+		mocks.otelCreate.mockResolvedValue({
+			shutdown: vi.fn(),
+			captureMessage: vi.fn(),
+			startSpan: vi.fn(),
+			getActiveTraceContext,
+		});
+
+		await initTelemetry(config({ otelForBackend: { endpoint: 'http://collector:4318/v1/traces' } }));
+
+		expect(mocks.setLogTraceContextProvider).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Function));
+		const provider = mocks.setLogTraceContextProvider.mock.calls[0][0] as () => unknown;
+		expect(provider()).toEqual({
+			traceId: '0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
+			spanId: '0123456789abcdef',
+			traceFlags: 0,
+		});
+		expect(getActiveTraceContext).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+	});
+
 	test('adds OTLP export to the Sentry provider when both Sentry and OTel are configured', async () => {
 		const { initTelemetry } = await import('@/core/telemetry/telemetry-registry.js');
 		const sentryForBackend = { options: {}, enableNodeProfiling: false };